John Winthrop's "A Model of Christian Charity," delivered aboard the Arbella in 1630, remains a cornerstone of American history and religious thought. Its enduring relevance stems from its powerful articulation of communal responsibility and the ideal of a "city upon a hill." However, citing this seminal work accurately and effectively requires understanding its context and employing appropriate citation methods. This guide will equip you with the confidence to properly cite "A Model of Christian Charity" in your academic papers and other writings.
What Makes Citing "A Model of Christian Charity" Unique?
Unlike many readily accessible texts, "A Model of Christian Charity" exists in various editions and transcriptions. This means pinpointing the precise source you used is crucial for accuracy. Furthermore, the historical context – the Puritan migration to the New World – heavily influences the text's interpretation, necessitating careful consideration of this background in any citation.
Common Citation Styles and How to Use Them
Here's how to cite "A Model of Christian Charity" using several common citation styles:
MLA (Modern Language Association):
For a specific edition:
Winthrop, John. A Model of Christian Charity. Edited by [Editor's Name], [Publisher], [Year], [Page Numbers].
Example:
Winthrop, John. A Model of Christian Charity. Edited by Perry Miller, Harvard University Press, 1938, pp. 15-26.
For an online source:
Winthrop, John. A Model of Christian Charity. [Website Name], [URL]. Accessed [Date].
Example:
Winthrop, John. A Model of Christian Charity. Early American Imprints, http://earlyamericanimprints.org/cgi-bin/eai/display.cgi?eid=1017. Accessed 15 October 2023.
Chicago/Turabian:
For a specific edition:
John Winthrop, "A Model of Christian Charity," in [Name of Anthology or Collection], ed. [Editor's Name] ([Place of Publication]: [Publisher], [Year]), [Page numbers].
Example:
John Winthrop, "A Model of Christian Charity," in The Winthrop Papers, ed. Allyn B. Forbes ([Boston]: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1931), 21-22.
APA (American Psychological Association):
For a specific edition:
Winthrop, J. (Year). A Model of Christian Charity. [Editor's Name] (Ed.). [Publisher].
Example:
Winthrop, J. (1938). A Model of Christian Charity. Perry Miller (Ed.). Harvard University Press.
Important Considerations:
- Edition: Always specify the edition you consulted, as different editions may contain variations in the text.
- Editor: If you are using an edited version, always credit the editor.
- Page Numbers: Provide accurate page numbers for specific quotes or references. This is crucial for academic integrity.
- Online Sources: If you access the text online, include the URL and the date you accessed the website.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the main idea of "A Model of Christian Charity"?
Winthrop's sermon advocates for a community bound by Christian love and mutual charity. He argues that the Puritan settlers should strive to create a model society guided by God's principles, embodying brotherly love and acting as an example for the world ("a city upon a hill"). He emphasizes the importance of selfless service, social justice, and shared responsibility for the colony's success.
How does Winthrop's concept of a "city upon a hill" continue to resonate today?
The metaphor of a "city upon a hill" has enduring power, frequently invoked to describe ideals of exceptionalism, moral leadership, and the pursuit of a better society. While its historical context is crucial, the concept continues to inspire discussions about national identity, social responsibility, and the role of morality in public life. However, it's important to acknowledge the complexities of this metaphor and its potential for misuse.
What are some of the criticisms of "A Model of Christian Charity"?
Despite its enduring influence, "A Model of Christian Charity" has faced criticism for its inherent elitism and exclusionary aspects. The emphasis on community and charity was often intertwined with social hierarchies and limitations on individual freedoms. Some critics also point to the inherent contradictions between Winthrop's ideals and the actual practices of the Puritan colony, which often fell short of the lofty goals outlined in the sermon.
By following these guidelines and addressing the frequently asked questions, you can confidently cite John Winthrop's "A Model of Christian Charity" in your work, ensuring both accuracy and a strong understanding of its significance. Remember always to double-check your citation style guide for any specific requirements.
